全新樂活讀經默想 110711

2011年7月10日星期日
全新樂活讀經默想 110711

Grain Offering

W1 2011-07-11 (利2)

經文: 利未記 2:11 凡獻給耶和華的素祭都不可有酵；因為你們不可燒一點酵、一點蜜當作火祭獻給耶和華。
默想: 酵與蜜被禁止使用於當作火祭全獻給耶和華的素祭上面。但是，根據利未記23章17節的命令，要從你們的住處取出細麵伊法十分之二，加酵，烤成兩個搖祭的餅，當作初熟之物獻給耶和華。這些搖祭，是初熟之物，祭司要把這些和初熟麥子做的餅一同作搖祭，在耶和華面前搖一搖；這是獻與耶和華為聖物歸給祭司的。(利23:20) 在此我們看到完全獻給耶和華的火祭與歸給祭司吃的搖祭，對於酵的使用，是相反的。

根據路加12章1節，耶穌警告我們，要防備法利賽人假冒為善的酵。耶穌在馬太16章6節，又提到撒都該人的酵，指的是撒都該人錯誤的教導 (徒23:8)。耶穌在馬可8章5節，另外提到希律的酵，這是對於真理只有表面的喜好，卻為了自己的面子，而可以立刻犧牲真理 (可6:20)。使徒保羅把酵銓釋為惡毒與邪惡 (林前5:8)。在上帝面前，我們必須先接受主耶穌贖罪的功勞，才能蒙上帝悅納。但是，在人面前，我們是無法完全擺脫罪的影響。
馬可福音 6:20 因為希律知道約翰是義人，是聖人，所以敬畏他，保護他，聽他講論，就多照著行（有古卷：游移不定），並且樂意聽他。
歌林多前書 5:8 所以，我們守這節不可用舊酵，也不可用惡毒（或作：陰毒）、邪惡的酵，只用誠實真正的無酵餅。


題目: 「在素祭上不可缺了你神立約的鹽」(13節)，有何意義？（參民18：19、太5:13、結43:24、出30:35）
「凡獻為素祭的供物都要用鹽調和，在素祭上不可缺了你神立約的鹽。一切的供物都要配鹽而獻（利未記 2:13）。」

• 在古近東地區鹽被視為不被「火」破壞的，因此鹽常用在立約的事上。與上帝立約的「鹽約」是一個永恆的盟約。以色列人在耶和華面前立永遠的鹽約（民數記 18:19）而耶和華以色列的神曾立鹽約，將以色列國永遠賜給大衛和他的子孫（代下13:5）。所以永遠的鹽約是指人與上帝之間的關係，有約束力和不可隨意撤銷的。

凡獻素祭的供物都要用鹽「調和」，可見鹽是在素祭上與你神立約，不可或缺的。素祭所獻的供物是細麵澆上油，加上乳香，然後用爐火烤的，不能有酵和蜜。告訴我們在每天都要過聖潔的生活，不能有任何的摻雜，這就是素祭。因為鹽能防止腐敗，有清淨聖潔的作用；而乳香和蜜卻不能。這鹽又可調味，不因火烤而變質。可見這鹽具有不改變的性質。同樣地，因上帝的信實永不改變，祂的話永定在天，上帝的慈愛，公義等屬性都不改變。所以在素祭裏必須要加上鹽，乃是指我們憑信心來到上帝的面前，要做上帝的兒女，在恩典之下，要靠主過活，脫離罪惡，脫離律法，依靠真理的聖靈來生活。


鹽在古近東地區被視為不被「火」破壞的，鹽有不廢壞的意思，因此鹽常用在立約的事上。這個與上帝立約的「鹽約」是一個永恆的盟約。所以又稱為「永遠的鹽約」。以色列人與耶和華面前立永遠的鹽約（民數記 18:19）而 耶和華以色列的神曾立鹽約，將以色列國永遠賜給大衛和他的子孫（代下13:5）。可見永遠的鹽約是人與上帝之間的關係，是具有約束力和不可隨意撤銷的。

凡獻為素祭的供物都要用鹽「調和」，加上一切的供物都要配鹽而獻，可見鹽是在素祭上與你神立約，不可或缺的。素祭所獻的供物是細麵澆上油，加上乳香，然後用爐火烤來作的，不能有酵和蜜的。告訴我們在每天都要過聖潔的生活中，屬神的生活一定要清潔，不能有任何的摻雜，這就是素祭。這裏又說不能缺鹽，因為鹽能防止腐敗，有清淨聖潔的作用；而乳香和蜜卻不能。這鹽又可調味，不因火烤而變質。可見這鹽具有不改變的性質。同樣地，因上帝的信實永不改變，祂的話永定在天，上帝的慈愛，公義等屬性都不改變。所以在素祭裏必須要加上鹽，乃是指我們憑信心來到上帝的面前，要做上帝的兒女，在恩典之下，要靠主過活，脫離罪惡，脫離律法，依靠真理的聖靈來生活。


上面提到不能有酵，也不能有蜜。我們不要忘記這裏是在說素祭，素祭是生活的表明。不能有蜜，不能有酵，乃是說不可以將地上的美物混在屬天的生活裏。如果將地上的美物調到屬天的生活，雖然是世上的美物，但擺放在神的物裏就成了污染物。屬神的生活一定要清潔，不能有任何的摻雜，這就是素祭。這裏又說不能缺鹽，因為這鹽是說出不改變的性質，這不改變就是神的自己，神的性情，神的生命。所以在素祭裏必須要加上鹽，乃是說到，必須要照著神的性情來生活。如果我們不是活在神的性情裏，我們的道路就不準確。如果獻素祭的時候沒有加上鹽，這就不能叫作素祭了。雖然祭的其他部份都作得很對，有乳香，有油，有燒的，也有在爐子裏烤的，或是在煎盤上煎的，方法都是對的，物件也都是對的，但是如果沒有鹽，那就全不對了。

素祭所獻的供物是細麵澆上油，加上乳香，這是植物。五種祭中，其他四種都必須流血，只有素祭沒有血。這給我們看見，素祭並非指著耶穌之為人贖罪，而是另有其特殊意義的。素祭既沒有供物的流血，沒有生命的奉獻，不像其他各祭藉著生物的受死，乃是描繪耶穌在世為人的生活，將身體當作活祭為我們獻上。這樣，使神救贖的恩惠，也實現在我們日常的生活中。基督「成為我們的.......聖潔。」（林前一30）我們因著祂住在我們裡面那生命的能力，叫我們有順服的信心，得以「在義上活」。（彼前二24）

五種祭中，其他四種都必須流血，只有素祭沒有血。這給我們看見，素祭並非指著耶穌之為人贖罪，而是另有其特殊意義的。素祭既沒有供物的流血，沒有生命的奉獻，不像其他各祭藉著生物的受死，乃是描繪耶穌在世為人的生活，將身體當作活祭為我們獻上。這樣，使神救贖的恩惠，也實現在我們日常的生活中。基督「成為我們的.......聖潔。」（林前一30）我們因著祂住在我們裡面那生命的能力，叫我們有順服的信心，得以「在義上活」。（彼前二24）

9.用鹽調和

　　鹽常用在立約的事上，（民十八19；代下十三5）主耶穌在萬世以前與父立了永遠的約，要為我們降世為人，成就救贖大功。歌羅西書說：「你們的言語要常常帶著和氣，好像用鹽調和。」（西四6）主也說過，「你們是世上的鹽」。（太五13）鹽能防止物腐，主不要我們暫時保守，祂要我們維持至於永遠。巴不得我們為神擺上的，要達到不朽的水準。

馬太福音 5:13 「你們是世上的鹽。鹽若失了味，怎能叫他再鹹呢？以後無用，不過丟在外面，被人踐踏了。
以西結書 43:24 奉到耶和華前。祭司要撒鹽在其上，獻與耶和華為燔祭。
出埃及記 30:35 你要用這些加上鹽，按做香之法做成清淨聖潔的香。


4414. מָלַח mâlach, maw-lakh’; a prim. root; prop. to rub to pieces or pulverize; intr. to disappear as dust; also (as denom. from 4417) to salt whether intern. (to season with salt) or extern. (to rub with salt):— × at all, salt, season, temper together, vanish away.

4873 II. מָלַח (mā∙lǎḥ): v.; ≡ Str 4414; TWOT 1196—1. LN 5.23-5.28 (qal) season with salt, i.e., apply salt as a condiment to food 調味品; 佐料(Lev 2:13+); 2. LN 47.1-47.7 (pual) be salted, i.e., place salt in a mixture (Ex 30:35+); (hof) be rubbed with salt (Eze 16:4(2×)+)


民數記 18:19 凡以色列人所獻給耶和華聖物中的舉祭，我都賜給你和你的兒女，當作永得的分。這是給你和你的後裔、在耶和華面前作為永遠的鹽約（鹽就是不廢壞的意思）。」
馬太福音 5:13 「你們是世上的鹽。鹽若失了味，怎能叫他再鹹呢？以後無用，不過丟在外面，被人踐踏了。
以西結書 43:24 奉到耶和華前。祭司要撒鹽在其上，獻與耶和華為燔祭。
出埃及記 30:35 你要用這些加上鹽，按做香之法做成清淨聖潔的香。

利未記 2:13 凡獻為素祭的供物都要用鹽調和，在素祭上不可缺了你神立約的鹽。一切的供物都要配鹽而獻。
NAU Leviticus 2:13 'Every grain offering of yours, moreover, you shall season with salt, so that the salt of the covenant of your God shall not be lacking from your grain offering; with all your offerings you shall offer salt.

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^ßn>B'r>q'-lK' l[;î ^t,_x'n>mi l[;Þme ^yh,êl{a/ tyrIåB. xl;m,… tyBiªv.t;
s `xl;m,( byrIïq.T;

NET Leviticus 2:13 Moreover, you must season every one of your grain offerings with salt; you must not allow the salt of the covenant of your God to be missing from your grain offering– on every one of your grain offerings you must present salt.

ASV Leviticus 2:13 And every oblation of thy meal-offering shalt thou season with salt; neither shalt thou suffer the salt of the covenant of thy God to be lacking from thy meal-offering: with all thine oblations thou shalt offer salt.

BBE Leviticus 2:13 And every meal offering is to be salted with salt; your meal offering is not to be without the salt of the agreement of your God: with all your offerings give salt.

מֶלַח (melaḥ). Salt. Various uses of salt are mentioned in twenty-eight passages of the OT. It was obtained from large quarries located on the southwest side of the Dead Sea (Gen 19:26; Ezk 47:11; Zeph 2:9). In Job 6:6 it is mentioned as a condiment. Salt and oil were always mixed with the meal offering (Lev 2:13). Ezekiel 43:24 notes that the priest will cast salt on the burnt offerings of the millennial age. The incense offering, the symbol of public worship to God, must also be “seasoned with salt” (Ex 30:35). Some hold that salt in these offerings represents that which prevents putrefaction腐敗, 腐敗物, while honey and leaven do not prevent it and were excluded for that reason. Others point out that the use of salt as a preservative is not clear in the Bible. The burnt offerings, at least, were not to be kept and incense does not putrefy. Therefore the use of salt in these offerings may be a matter of seasoning or of dedication, for salt was an item of value. Honey, on the other hand, does not easily putrefy.
The term “covenant of salt” is applied to the perpetual statute法令, 法規, 成文法律



by which revenue was to be given to the priests (Num 18:19), and to the covenant established with David whereby he was accorded an everlasting reign over Israel (II Chr 13:5). These relationships are thereby designated as irrevocable and binding (see also Lev 2:13).
The preservative qualities of salt are perhaps seen in the prophet Elisha’s using it to purify the spring at Jericho (II Kgs 2:20–21), though the efficacy here was miraculous. On the other hand, salt was scattered over the site of a city devoted to God for destruction (Jud 9:45) which thus became the symbol of barrenness不毛, 荒蕪and desolation荒涼; 荒廢(see also Deut 29:23 (H 22J: Job 39:6; Zeph 2:9).


民數記 18:19 凡以色列人所獻給耶和華聖物中的舉祭，我都賜給你和你的兒女，當作永得的分。這是給你和你的後裔、在耶和華面前作為永遠的鹽約（鹽就是不廢壞的意思）。」

NAU Numbers 18:19 "All the offerings of the holy gifts, which the sons of Israel offer to the LORD, I have given to you and your sons and your daughters with you, as a perpetual allotment. It is an everlasting covenant of salt before the LORD to you and your descendants with you."

NET Numbers 18:19 All the raised offerings of the holy things that the Israelites offer to the LORD, I have given to you, and to your sons and daughters with you, as a perpetual ordinance. It is a covenant of salt forever before the LORD for you and for your descendants with you."

2:11-13. Yeast and honey were prohibited from all grain offerings. The offering of the firstfruits (cf. 23:16-17) allowed these, but it was not technically a grain offering, that is, one offered on the altar as a pleasing aroma. However, all the offerings for the altar were to include salt, apparently symbolic of Israel’s covenant relationship with God (the salt of the covenant of your God), which was the foundation of the Levitical sacrificial system. Since salt was regarded in the ancient Near East as not being destructible by fire, ”a covenant of salt“ seems to refer to an eternal covenant (Num. 18:19; 2 Chron. 13:5).

13. every … meat offering shalt thou season with salt—The same reasons which led to the prohibition of leaven, recommended the use of salt—if the one soon putrefies, the other possesses a strongly preservative property, and hence it became an emblem of incorruption and purity, as well as of a perpetual covenant—a perfect reconciliation and lasting friendship. No injunction in the whole law was more sacredly observed than this application of salt; for besides other uses of it that will be noticed elsewhere, it had a typical meaning referred to by our Lord concerning the effect of the Gospel on those who embrace it (Mk 9:49, 50); as when plentifully applied it preserves meat from spoiling, so will the Gospel keep men from being corrupted by sin. And as salt was indispensable to render sacrifices acceptable to God, so the Gospel, brought home to the hearts of men by the Holy Ghost, is indispensably requisite to their offering up of themselves as living sacrifices [BROWN].
14. a meat offering of thy first-fruits—From the mention of “green ears,” this seems to have been a voluntary offering before the harvest—the ears being prepared in the favorite way of Eastern people, by parching them at the fire, and then beating them out for use. It was designed to be an early tribute of pious thankfulness for the earth’s increase, and it was offered according to the usual directions.

II. Salt is required in all their offerings, v. 13. The altar was the table of the Lord; and therefore, salt being always set on our tables, God would have it always used at his. It is called the salt of the covenant, because, as men confirmed their covenants with each other by eating and drinking together, at all which collations salt was used, so God, by accepting his people’s gifts and feasting them upon his sacrifices, supping with them and they with him (Rev. 3:20), did confirm his covenant with them. Among the ancients salt was a symbol of friendship. The salt for the sacrifice was not brought by the offerers, but was provided at the public charge, as the wood was, Ezra 7:20–22. And there was a chamber in the court of the temple called the chamber of salt, in which they laid it up. Can that which is unsavoury be eaten without salt? God would hereby intimate to them that their sacrifices in themselves were unsavoury. The saints, who are living sacrifices to God, must have salt in themselves, for every sacrifice must be salted with salt (Mk. 9:49, 50), and our speech must be always with grace (Col. 4:6), so must all our religious performances be seasoned with that salt. Christianity is the salt of the earth.

It also had to include salt (Lev. 2:13; Matt. 5:13), which speaks of our Lord’s purity of character. Jesus compared Himself to a grain of wheat (John 12:23–25), and He was crushed (“fine flour”) and put through the furnace of suffering that He might save us from our sins.

Leaven (yeast) and honey were prohibited from being included in the meal offering (Lev. 2:11). The Jews would associate leaven with evil because of the Passover rules (Ex. 12:19–20; see Luke 12:1; 1 Cor. 5:8), and certainly there was no sin in Jesus Christ. Honey is the sweetest thing nature produces, but our Lord’s perfect character was divine and not from this world. The fact that yeast and honey both ferment may also be a factor.